Timeline That Displays the Development of Abnormal Psychology Peer Reviewed

500 B.C. – Ancient Times

• Mental affliction was thought to be caused past demons or animal spirits taking over the torso.
  • This was also true of prehistoric man – a bronze statue formerly displayed in the Fort Worth Museum of Scientific discipline and History depicted two men holding down another while using rudimentary tools to puncture his skull. The display placard read that ancient man believed that mental illness was caused past supernatural factors that may exist released from the ill person's skull (description recalled from contributor's personal experience) (Buchanan, 2009).
  • Other cultures used early on forms of brain surgery to cure or alleviate any number of misunderstood maladies (O'Donnell, 2010).

• The treatment for mental illness was exorcism or torture.
  • While more than cautiously approached, exorcism is still used equally a means of treating misdiagnosed mental illnesses today (National Catholic Reporter, 2000).
• Trepanning, which consisted of a small instrument being used to bore holes in the skull, would permit the evil spirits to leave the possessed person.
• Corruption the body badly plenty, and the spirit will desire to leave it.

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450 B.C. – Golden Age of Greece

Hippocrates (Greek physician, father of modernistic medicine)

• Denied that deities/demons acquired mental affliction.
• Viewed abnormal behavior and disease in general as having internal causes, and thus having biological natures or etiologies.
• Has a key belief that if you lot took care of your body, your mind would besides stay well (Hippocrates, 2010).
• Treatment was to change the environment (tranquil life, sobriety, practise, and abstinence from backlog).
• Believed patients needed to choose health over mental illness.
• Was the basis for the Hippocratic Adjuration
  • Physicians or healers will not deliberately harm an individual who seeks their help; they will treat anyone who comes seeking their assist; they will not requite a mortiferous drug if the patient requests it; and they keep all information about doctor-patient professional relationships confidential (Hippocratic oath, 2010).
  • Such harms still later included:
    • Terrible conditions (patients shackled to walls or nighttime cells).
    • Treatment (electric stupor, bleeding, spinning, restraints) used to intimidate patients into choosing wellness over affliction.

1800s – Reforms in Mental Wellness Handling

Benjamin Rush (Leitch, 1978).

• Published the commencement American textbook on psychiatry, Mental Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Listen.
• Believed the crusade of mental illness was exposure to severe psychological and social stressors.
• Treatment was "moral management", which focused on the patient's social, individual, and occupational needs (manual labor, spiritual give-and-take, humane treatment).

Philippe Pinel (Enersen, 2010).

• Frenchman and early reformer in the proper handling of mentally ill individuals.
• Like Rush, also believed mental illness were caused past excessive psychological and social stresses.
• Advocated that the mentally ill be treated with sympathy, compassion, and empathy.
• I of the founders of psychiatry.

Dorothea Dix ("Dorothea Lynde Dix", 2010).

• Helped establish 32 mental hospitals throughout the Us.
• 1845 – offset public mental infirmary in Pennsylvania Harrisburg State Hospital.
• 1847 – first state mental institution in Illinois established.
• 1856 – commencement land mental institution in North Carlina opened and named in her honor.
• Authored bills that were intended to protect, and reform treatment for, mentally ill patients.

1900s – Modern Era

• Major quantum: Discovery of biological crusade of general paresis (syphilis of the brain) (Jasmin, 2008).
• Symptoms of syphilis are paralysis, insanity, and decease.
• Treatment was to infect sufferer with malaria (high fever would kill the syphilis organism).
• Led to increased focus on diseased bodily organs as underlying crusade of mental illness.
• Accompanied by tremendous advances in beefcake, physiology, neurology, chemical science.

Emil Kraepelin (Emil Kraepelin, n.d.)

• Adult a classification system of mental disorders (precursor to The DSM).
• Classified psychosis into two forms, manic depression and dementia praecox.
• Recognized that different types of disorders had unlike outcomes.
• Emphasized importance of underlying encephalon pathology.

Richard Freiherr von Krafft-Ebing(Kiff, n.d.)

• Performed extensive work and research in human sexual behavior
• Wrote Psychopathia Sexualis, the first major study of sexual perversity. This coined many terms associated with sexuality today (i.east, sadism, masochism, etc.)
• Served as authoritative influential study of human being sexual behavior until Freud.

Advances in psychological understanding of mental disorders:

Sigmund Freud (Thornton, 2005)

• Developed psychoanalytic theory – the theory of psychological development in terms of stages throughout life.
• Believed unconscious processes, motives, and urges are at the core of many of our behaviors and difficulties.
• Developed the doctor-patient paradigm.
• The medico was viewed every bit beingness in a power position, and the patient was a sick private who would accept the md's words every bit an unquestionable fact.

B.F. Skinner (Vargas, 2005)

• Begetter of radical behaviorism.
• Believed that whatsoever behavior that was reinforced or rewarded would be more probable to increment or recur; whatsoever behavior that was either not reinforced or was punished would exist more than likely to subtract or be extinguished.
• Created experiments which demonstrated operant workout. Most well known for creating the Skinner Box, a devise demonstrating workout of rats pressing a lever to receive food. http://world wide web.youtube.com/watch?v=PQtDTdDr8vs.

Albert Bandura (Pajares, 2004)

• Teaches at Stanford University.
• Adult Social Learning Theory(Modeling).
• Suggested that we could learn based upon what nosotros observed in a model.
• Bobo Doll Experiment.

Albert Ellis (Ellis et al, 2005)

• Believes that we get depressed and develop other mental illnesses because of faulty thinking.
• Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy(REBT).
• REBT works well with Feet Disorder and Mood Disorders.

Carl Rogers

• Humanist who believed in the innate goodness of all people and in the power of all people to grow and pb constructive lives.
• Developed the client- or person-centered therapy.

• The psychologist is seen as someone who is a skilled listener, not judgmental, and certainly not powerful nor all-seeing.
• Theorized that dysfunction begins in infancy.

Henri Laborit

• Introduced Thorazin.
• Used for the treatment of Schizophrenic Disorders by calming patients without putting them to sleep.
• Led to widespread use of the treatment for Schizophrenic Disorder and the field of psychopharmacology.

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Source: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/abnormalpsychology/chapter/history-of-abnormal-behavior/

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